Thermal Performance Analysis of Lithium-Ion Battery Packs Using Phase Change Materials

The increasing demand for electric vehicles, renewable energy storage systems, and portable electronic devices has significantly accelerated the development of high-performance lithium-ion batteries. However, excessive heat generation during charging and discharging processes remains a major challenge affecting battery efficiency, safety, lifespan, and operational reliability. Effective thermal management is therefore essential to maintain battery temperature within an optimal operating range and prevent thermal runaway. This study investigates the thermal performance of lithium ion battery packs using Phase Change Materials (PCMs) as an advanced passive thermal management solution. PCMs absorb and release thermal energy through latent heat during phase transitions, thereby regulating temperature fluctuations and improving thermal stability within battery packs.